TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PREFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  ix
     Sources of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix
     Limitations and Caveats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
     The 1989 National Standard Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi

DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii

FORMULAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

MAP:  Arkansas Counties and ADH Management Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv

SUMMARIES
     Selected Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
          Natality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
          Mortality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
     Selected Maternal and Infant Events, 1965-1985. . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
     Selected Maternal and Infant Events, 1990, 1991-1995. . . . . . . . . 1-6
     GRAPH: Births to Unmarried Women, 1970-1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
     GRAPH: Infant, Neonatal and Postneonatal Mortality Rates, 1965-1995 . 1-7

NATALITY
     Selected Live Birth Characteristics by Race of Mother
          Age of Mother. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
          Education of Mother
          Marital Status
          Sex of Child
          Live Birth Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
          Pregnancy Order
          Live Birth Interval
          Pregnancy Interval
          Trimester When Prenatal Care Began . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
          Number of Prenatal Visits
          Maternal Tobacco Use During Pregnancy
          Maternal Weight Gain During Pregnancy
          Place of Birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
          Attendant at Birth
          Method of Delivery
          Plurality
          Birth Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
          One Minute Apgar Score
          Five Minute Apgar Score
          Computed Gestational Age
          Clinical Gestational Age
          Maternal Risk Factors for This Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
          Obstetric Procedures
          Complications of Labor and/or Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
          Abnormal Conditions of the Newborn
          Congenital Anomalies of the Newborn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
     Selected Live Birth Characteristics by Education of Mother
          Live Birth Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
          Pregnancy Order
          Live Birth Interval
          Pregnancy Interval
          Trimester When Prenatal Care Began . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
          Number of Prenatal Visits
          Maternal Tobacco Use During Pregnancy
          Maternal Weight Gain During Pregnancy
          Attendant at Birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
          Method of Delivery
          Birth Weight
          Computed Gestational Age
          Clinical Gestational Age
     Selected Live Birth Characteristics by Age of Mother
          Education of Mother. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
          Marital Status
          Live Birth Order
          Pregnancy Order
          Live Birth Interval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
          Pregnancy Interval
          Trimester When Prenatal Care Began
          Number of Prenatal Visits
          Maternal Tobacco Use During Pregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
          Maternal Weight Gain During Pregnancy
          Method of Delivery
          Plurality
          Birth Weight
          Computed Gestational Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20
          Clinical Gestational Age
          Live Birth Order by Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
          Maternal Risk Factors for This Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
          Obstetric Procedures
          Complications of Labor and/or Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
     Selected Live Birth Characteristics by Marital Status of Mother
          Live Birth Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28
          Pregnancy Order
          Live Birth Interval
          Pregnancy Interval
          Trimester When Prenatal Care Began . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
          Number of Prenatal Visits
          Maternal Tobacco Use During Pregnancy
          Maternal Weight Gain During Pregnancy
          Birth Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
     Selected Live Birth Characteristics by Live Birth Order
          Trimester When Prenatal Care Began . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-31
          Birth Weight
          Maternal Tobacco Use During Pregnancy
          Maternal Weight Gain During Pregnancy
     Selected Live Birth Characteristics by Trimester When Prenatal Care Began
          Number of Prenatal Visits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
          Live Birth Interval
          Maternal Tobacco Use During Pregnancy
          Maternal Weight Gain During Pregnancy
          Birth Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33
          One Minute Apgar Score
          Five Minute Apgar Score
          Computed Gestational Age
          Clinical Gestational Age
     Selected Live Birth Characteristics by Sex of Child
          Birth Weight by Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-34
          Congenital Anomalies of the Newborn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-36
          Abnormal Conditions of the Newborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-37
     Selected Live Birth Characteristics by Maternal Tobacco Use
          Birth Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38
          Maternal Weight Gain During Pregnancy
          Maternal Risk Factors for This Pregnancy
          Obstetric Procedures
          Complications of Labor and/or Delivery
          Congenital Anomalies of the Newborn
     Selected Live Birth Characteristics by Maternal Weight Gain
          Birth Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39
          Maternal Risk Factors for This Pregnancy
          Obstetric Procedures
          Complications of Labor and/or Delivery
     Selected Live Birth Characteristics by Maternal Transfer
          Maternal Risk Factors for This Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-40
          Complications of Labor and/or Delivery
     Selected Live Birth Characteristics by Infant Transfer
          Abnormal Conditions of the Newborn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-41
          Congenital Anomalies of the Newborn
     Live Births by Birth Weight by Clinical Gestational Age . . . . . . . 2-42

MORTALITY
     Live Births, Fetal, Neonatal, Perinatal, Postneonatal and Infant Deaths
          by Selected Birth Characteristics
          Race of Mother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
          Age of Mother
          Education of Mother
          Marital Status
          Sex of Child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
          Live Birth Order
          Pregnancy Order
          Live Birth Interval
          Pregnancy Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
          Trimester When Prenatal Care Began
          Number of Prenatal Visits
          Method of Delivery
          Plurality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
          Birth Weight
          Computed Gestational Age
          Clinical Gestational Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
          Birth Weight by Race
          Congenital Anomalies of the Newborn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
     Fetal, Neonatal, Perinatal, Postneonatal and Infant Deaths by Selected
          Death Characteristics
          Place of Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
          Selected Underlying Cause of Death
     GRAPH:  Birth Weight Specific Mortality Rates, Arkansas 1995. . . . . 3-10

APPENDICES
     Arkansas Birth Certificate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
     Arkansas Fetal Death Certificate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
     Arkansas Death Certificate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5